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H. W. Edwards, The Anatomy of Revisionism (Stockholm: Aurora, 1979)
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REFERENCE NOTES
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Basic Principles of Marxism
1. Donald Clark Hodges, Chairman, Florida State University Department of Philosophy, "The Sino-Soviet Split in Philosophy," MONTHLY REVIEW (New York), June 1967.
Social Democracy and Scientific Socialism
1. V.I. Lenin, "What Is To Be Done?" Quoted in Against Revisionism (Foreign Languages Publishing House. Moscow. 1959), p. 57.
2. Lenin, "Collapse of the Second International." In loc. cit., p. 237.
3. Lenin, "Controversial Questions." From articles in April, May and June 1913, PRAVDA. Printed in loc. cit., pp. 146-147.
4. Note 2, above. Loc. cit., p. 265.
5. Note 1, above. Loc. cit., p. 41.
6. Lenin, "The Stuttgart International Socialist Congress," loc. cit., p. 93.
7. Lenin, "The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 439. (Hereinafter referred to as "Renegade Kautsky.")
8. and 9. ibid, p. 450.
10. Lenin, The State and Revolution (Moscow edition), p. 116.
11. R. Palme Dutt, Fascism and Social Revolution (International Publishers. New York. 1935), p. 117.
12. Note 10, above. Chapter VI.
13. "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., pp. 403, 418.
14. Note 10, above, p. 12.
15. ibid., p. 95.
16. ibid., p. 47.
17. ibid., p. 99.
18. ibid., p. 151.
19. ibid., p. 70.
20. ibid., p. 71.
21. ibid., p. 72.
22. ibid., p. 151.
23. "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 441.
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24. Lenin, "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, loc. cit., p. 296.
25. Note 2, above, loc. cit., p. 242.
26. ibid., p. 221.
27. Lenin, "Imperialism and the Split in Socialism," loc. cit., p. 332.
28. Lenin, "A Caricature of Marxism," loc. cit., p. 317.
29. Note 10, above. loc. cit., Chapter VI.
30. Note 27, above, loc. cit., p. 335.
31. Lenin, "Conditions for Affiliation to the Communist International," loc. cit., p. 555.
32. "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 403.
Author's Statement
1. Lenin, "Certain Features of the Development of Marxism," August and September 1907, loc. cit., p. 134.
Chapter I
1. See All-African Trade Union Federation (AATUF), "ICFTU Subversion in Africa: THE FACTS," October 1965 (Accra, Ghana).
2. See, for example, Hysni Kapo, "Address on Modern Revisionism," delivered to the Higher Party School of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee, May 9, 1966. (Albanian State Publishing House. Tirana. 1966) (Reprint of publication in ZERI I POPULLIT, May 10, 1966)
3. ibid.
4. Original draft of CPSU resolution submitted to 81 Communist Parties' meeting, 1957. Quoted in "The Origin and Development of the Differences the Leadership of the CPSU and Ourselves," by the Central Committee, Chinese Communist Party (Foreign Languages Press. Peking. 1963), p. 20.
5. Karl Kautsky, quoted by Lenin in "The State and Revolution," version in Against Revisionism (Foreign Languages Publishing House. Moscow. 1959), p. 380.
6. See Note 3, p. xv, loc. cit., p. 165.
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Chapter II
1. CPSU Program, Section VII, "The Struggle against Bourgeois and Reformist Ideology," p. 49.
2. ibid.
3. ibid., p. 36.
4. ibid., p. 41.
5. Donald Clark Hodges, op. cit.
6. ibid.
7. Kwame Nkrumah, Speech at the Cairo Conference of Non-Aligned Nations, September 1964.
8. Review of "The Western Communist Press," NEWSWEEK, December 5, 1966.
9. through 11[ 10 11 ]. ibid.
12. Tsai Hui, "Polemic against Mikhail Sholokhov for accepting Nobel Prize," PEKING REVIEW, May 20, 1966.
15. A. Murni, "On Revisionism and Its Dangerous Influence on Afro-Asian Literature," INDONESIAN TRIBUNE (Tirana, Albania), February 1967.
16. "Giving Siberia a Good Name," NEWSWEEK, August 30, 1965.
17. "Shameful Failure of the Political and Economic System of Titoite Yugoslavia," ZERI I POPULLIT (Tirana, Albania), July 19-20, 1966.
18. CPSU Program, pp. 111-113.
19. ibid., p 16.
20. "How their schools keep top place in the world," NORTHERN NEIGHBORS (Ontario, Canada), May 1966.
21. Quoted in Amas R. Ismail, "The Communist Attitude toward Physical Labor and How It Is Being Applied in Albania," INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, January 1967.
22. PKI Self-Criticism, INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, January 1967, pp. 22-23.
23. "Comment on the Open Letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU (III)," Editorial Department, RENMIN RIBAO and HONGQI. (Reprinted by Chinese Foreign Languages Press. Peking. September 26, 1963.)
24. VECERNJE NOVOSTI, August 31, 1960; and OSLOBOJENJE, November 23, 1960. Cited in "The Degeneration of the Yugoslav Economy Owned¬
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by the Whole People." Series in consecutive weeks, PEKING REVIEW, June 12, 1964, on. Reprinted from HONGQI, May 23, 1964.
25. "Run It up the Flagpole Even Reds Salute," NEWSWEEK, May 3, 1965.
26. ibid.
27. "Russia Borrowing from the Capitalists," TIME Magazine, February 12, 1965.
30. PEKING REVIEW, September 16, 1966.
31. ibid.
32. Professor Nicolas Moltchanov, "The Honor of the Old World," MOSCOW NEWS. Summarised in LE MONDE (Paris), April 2, 1967. Translation by author.
33. ibid.
34. "Star Billing for Alla et Al," London TIMES, December 3, 1967, p. 3.
35. "Up To Three Years in Jail: Russia Hits Political Jokes," New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris), October 7, 1966. Reuters despatch, p. 1.
36. ibid.
37. "WHERE are Churches in TROUBLE?" NORTHERN NEIGHBORS, May 1967.
38. DEMOCRATIC GERMAN REPORT (London), October 14, 1966.
39. Lenin, "Marxism and Revisionism," loc. cit.
40. Kurt Mueller, "'Third World' Relations with Soviet Communism." Series reprinted from unnamed source in the Accra (Ghana) DAILY GRAPHIC. Installment of July 20, 1967.
Chapter III
1. CPSU Program, p. 19.
2. ibid., p. 91.
3. ibid., p. 122-123.
4. Lenin, "The Class Meaning of Liquidationism," 1916. Loc. cit., p. 157.
5. ibid.
6. ibid., p. 158.
7. ibid., p. 146.
8. CPSU Program, p. 41.
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9. ibid., pp. 52-53.
10. See Labor Aristocracy, Chapter II, "Social Democracy Defined," p. 17, Note 3.
11. CPSU Program, p. 41.
12. Lenin, "Collapse of the Second International," loc. cit., p. 226.
13. Time Essay: "COMMUNISM TODAY: A Refresher Course," TIME Magazine, August 6, 1965.
14. Lenin, "Preface to the Collection 'Twelve Years'," in loc. cit., p. 110.
15. "Shameful Failure of the Political and Economic System of Titoite Yugoslavia," ZERI I POPULLIT (Tirana, Albania), July 19-20, 1966.
16. ibid., p. 6. (See also statement of Conference of 81 Communist Parties, Moscow 1960, quoted in "Comment on the Open Letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU (III)," Foreign Languages Press. Peking. September 26, 1963, pp. 3, 36.) (Hereinafter referred to as Statement of the 81.)
17. ibid., p. 7, quoting Tito's speech at the Yugoslav Party's Plenum, 1966.
18. See Statement of the 81, pp. 46-47.
19. Note 15, above.
20. Yugoslav newspaper reports of Kruschov's speeches, quoted in RENMIN RIBAO (People's Daily) and HONGQI (Red Flag) editorials. Reprinted as a pamphlet by Foreign Languages Press, Peking, September 26, 1963, p. 2.
21. CPSU Program, p. 41. /p>
22. ibid., p. 20.
23. See Statement of the 81, pp. 42 ff.
24. K. S. Karol, "Cautious Moves towards Profit and a Consumer Society," a thumb-nail sketch of Soviet Premier Alexander Kosygin, NEW STATESMAN (London), February 3, 1967.
25. See Note 13, above.
26. "Europe: Hands across the Continent," NEWSWEEK, May 3, 1965.
27. Victor Zorza, "Neighbors Alarmed by Czechs' Liberal Ferment," GUARDIAN (London), February 22, 1968.
28. CPSU Program, p. 20.
29. Note 2, Chapter I, above.
30. Note 13, above.
31. Friedrich Engels, Prefatory Note to Der Deutsche Bauern-krieg (The Peasant War in Germany). Third edition.
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(Cooperative publishers. Leipzig. 1875) Quoted in Lenin, "What Is To Be Done?" in loc. cit., p. 60.
32. PKI Self-Criticism. Note 22, Chapter II, above.
33. through 43[ 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ]. ibid.
44. "Bulgaria: The Coup That Failed," NEWSWEEK, May 3, 1965.
45. ibid.
46. Lenin, "Imperialism and the Split in Socialism," in loc. cit. pp. 342, 345.
47. Erik Clark and Robert Chesshyre, "UK Communists get lease on life in battle for survival," OBSERVER (London), November 26, 1967.
Chapter IV
Section A
1. Lenin, "Greetings to Italian, French and German Communists," October 1919, loc. cit., p. 524.
2. "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 410.
3. ibid., pp. 409-410; 410.
4. CPSU Program, p. 14.
5. ibid., p. 16.
6. ibid., p. 23.
< >7. ibid., p. 25.8. ibid., p. 35.
9. ibid., p. 36.
10. ibid., p. 38.
Section B
11. "Is Yugoslavia a Socialist Country?" (Peking), op. cit.
14. Lenin, "On the Democracy and Socialist Character of the Soviet Power." Quoted in ibid.
15. Lenin, "The State and Revolution," loc. cit., p. 371. See also, for example, "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 475.
16. ZERI I POPULLIT, op. cit.
19. TANJUG News Agency, Tirana. Quoted in ibid.
20. "Yugoslav industry cuts through dogma," London TIMES, November 15, 1967.
21. From HONGQI, op. cit.
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22. ibid.
23. BORBA, March 26, 1964. Quoted in source, Note 11, above.
24. ZERI I POPULLIT, op. cit.
24a Note 20, above.
25. London TIMES, op. cit.
26. HONGQI, op. cit.
27. Karl Marx, Capital. Quoted in HONGQI, op. cit.
28. PRIVREDNI PREGLED (Yugoslavia), February 2, 1963. Quoted in HONGQI, op. cit.
29. HONGQI, op. cit.
30. MLADOSI, January 14, 1959; RAD, July 4, 1959, et al. Cited in HONGQI, op. cit.
31. INDEX (Yugoslav journal), No. 1, 1964, loc. cit.
32. POLITIKA (Yugoslavia), February 15, 1964, loc. cit.
33. VECERNJE NOVOSTI (Yugoslavia), June 5, 1959, loc. cit.
34. BORBA (Yugoslavia), November 25, 1963, loc. cit.
35. HONGQI, op. cit.
36. POLITIKA (Yugoslavia), August 8, 1962, loc. cit.
37. NIN (Yugoslavia), January 14, 1962, loc. cit.
38. ZERI I POPULLIT, op. cit.
39. HONGQI, op. cit.
40. ibid.
41. RAD (Yugoslavia), October 15, 1960, loc. cit.
42. ibid.
43. RAD (Yugoslavia), April 4, 1964, loc. cit.
44. London TIMES, op. cit.
45. HONGQI, op. cit.
46. ibid., quoting: a) UDB Chief Rankovich, Report to Sixth Plenum of the Central Committee, League of Yugoslav Communists, March 1956; b) Drulovic, Secretary, Belgrade City Committee, League of Yugoslav Communists. In KOMMUNIST (Yugoslavia), May 11, 1961; & c) Yugoslav Chief of State Tito, speech at Split, May 6, 1962.
47. HONGQI, op. cit.
48. ibid.
49. "Yugoslav 'Workers' Councils'," editorial, CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, August 26, 1963. Quoted in ibid.
50. ibid.
51. Mikhail Suslov, report to Central Committee, CPSU, at February 1964 Plenum. Cited in HONGQI, op. cit.
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53. SOVIET NEWS (London Embassy Bulletin), January 11, 1967.
54. Karol, op. cit.
55. SOVIET NEWS, op. cit.
56. PRAVDA. Cited in ibid.
57. Karol, op. cit.
See also, "Production Plans Debate : Comecon Nations Reach for Auto Plum," by Eric Bourne, from Belgrade. Named USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Bulgaria as the "four car-producers of Comecon." Noted that the Soviet Moskvich car still cost the Czech equivalent of "almost two years' wages, or for a Pole, more than six years." Said private car ownership in Comecon countries was "still growing," but that there was only one car for each 60-70 inhabitants, with total bloc output then being just over 300,000 autos per year, causing "waiting order list of up to two to three years, in most cases." CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, August 26, 1963, p. 3.
58. "WAGES: How Russia Ranks," TIME Magazine, February 18, 1966, p. 98.
59. SOVIET NEWS, February 3, 1967, citing "preliminary figures for the year (1966)," reported at USSR Supreme Soviet session, December 1966.
60. TIME, op. cit.
61. SOVIET NEWS, February 3, 1967.
62. ibid.
63. SOVIET NEWS, January 11, 1967.
64. "'Bonus System' New Exploitation in USSR," TA KUNG PAO (Hongkong), February 10, 1968. Dateline, PEKING, Hong Kong Hsinhua Agency.
65. "RUSSIA: Dirty Business," TIME Magazine, August 26, 1966, p. 26.
66. Mitchell Wilson, "How Rich are the Richest Russians?" OBSERVER (London), overseas edition, August 12, 1962.
67. ibid.
68. Robert J. Korngold, "KREMLIN ON THE BLACK SEA," NEWSWEEK, November 15, 1965, p. 34.
69. Note 16, Chapter II.
70. William Pomeroy, "Russians Stress Abundance," NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), July 8, 1967.
See also, Frank Parkin, Class Inequality & Political Order (Paladin. London), 1972), p. 149:
"Income differences are of course only one, albeit important, index of the advantaged status of the (Russian)¬
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white-collar intelligentsia. In addition to their basic salary rates many of them, especially those employed in industry, receive various bonuses and special supplements which serve to widen the gap between their economic position and that of other groups. Similarly, they tend to enjoy certain less measurable, but no less valuable, advantages such as high-quality accommodation, opportunities to travel abroad, use of official cars and state property, and other perquisites of office."
71. through 76[ 72 73 74 75 ]. ibid.
76a USSR overall population: 1959, 208,827,000;
1970, 241,720,000.
Using 1970 figures, an elite of 37 million is 15.3%.
Cf U.S. labor aristocracy more than 50% after 1950.
(See Labor Aristocracy, Chapters XVIII and XIX.)
77. Karol, op. cit.
78. ibid.
79. "Eastern Europe: Toward Market Economics," TIME Magazine, November 11, 1966.
80. through 86[ 81 82 83 84 85 86 ]. ibid.
87. Letter from writer's son, Paul Richards. Autumn 1966.
88. K.S. Karol, "The Communist Schism," NEW STATESMAN (London), December 14, 1962.
89. through 91[ 90 91 ]. ibid.
92. Phyllis Rosner, "Italy Facing Political and Economic Crisis," THE SPARK (Accra, Ghana), January 8, 1965.
Rosner was quondam Rome correspondent for the New York NATIONAL GUARDIAN.
93. "ITALY: New Miracles?" NEWSWEEK, September 26, 1966.
96. "A Special Road to Socialism," TIME Magazine, February 4, 1966.
99. "The Class Allies of the Proletariat," G. Ohman & A. Levovsky, "Viewpoints on Current Problems," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), September 1965, pp. 46, 47.
100. Lenin, "The Collapse of the Second International," loc. cit., p. 243.
101. Lenin, "Marxism and Revisionism," loc. cit., pp. 121, 122. See also, Lenin's "Greetings to Hungarian Workers," loc. cit., p. 501.
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Section C
102. PEKING REVIEW, June 26, 1.964. Sixth section of three articles on Yugoslav economic degeneration, op. cit.
103. "West Offers Yugoslavia $275 Million Loan in Bid to Bring It into Free World Orbit," WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 28, 1960.
104. Letter from John Fisher, editor, HARPER'S Magazine, November 1961. To Head of U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). Quoted in PEKING REVIEW, June 27, 1967.
105. CPSU Program, p. 36.
106. Hilding Hagberg, "The Experience and Tasks of the Communist Party of Sweden," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), June 27, 1967, p. 21.
107. Hans Kleven, "Communist Party of Norway on the Ways to Peace and Socialism," ibid.
108. Geoffrey Smith, "On a Tightrope," London TIMES, December 6, 1967. Feature story on Finnish developments in supplement.
109. "U.S.S.R. and Chilean Government to Collaborate," GRANMA (Cuba). Reprinted in MONTHLY REVIEW, June 1967.
110. "What is the Frei Government?" GRANMA, same issue. Reproduced side by side with previous article by MONTHLY REVIEW, June 1967, under the heading, "No Comment."
111. Richard Wigg, Latin American correspondent, "Why Social Tension Has Reached Explosion Point in Chile," SUNDAY TIMES (London), December 3, 1967.
112. ibid.
113. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
114. through 128[ 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 ]. ibid.
Section D
129. CPSU Program, p. 100.
130. Note 11, above, pp. 24 ff., "A Dependency of U.S. Imperialism."
131. through 138[ 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 ]. ibid.
139. THE STATISTICAL YEARBOOK OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA, 1961. Cited in ibid.
142. Enver Hoxha, General Secretary, Albanian Party of Labor. Address to Second National Congress. Cited in ZERI I POPULLIT 1966, op. cit., p. 5.
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143. See Labor Aristocracy, Chapter XL, "Anti-Communism Major Strategic Ideological Pillar of Imperialism."
144. "Confession of World-Wide U.S.-Soviet Collusion on a Big Scale," by OBSERVER. PEKING REVIEW, October 21, 1966.
145. Lenin, "Conditions of Affiliation to the Comintern," loc. cit., p. 554.
146. "Disarmament: Imperative of Peace Achievements of the United Nations," United Nations (NY), 1970, pp. 4, 11.
147. ibid., pp. 3, 11, 16.
148. UN General Assembly Document A/8391 "for general distribution," 4 June, 1971.
149. Herbert W Armstrong, "Who Will Rule in Space?" Ambassador College Press (California), eds. 1960, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970. Pp. 16, 18, 26.
150. George L Johnson, "World's First Space Station...Triumph and Tragedy," PLAIN TRUTH (Texas), August 1971, p. 5.
151. Note 144, above.
154. DAILY GRAPHIC (Accra, Ghana), April 28, 1967.
155. See "European security main topic of Black Sea talks between Herr Brandt and Mr Brezhnev," and "Mr Healey resists a demand for unilateral disarming," London TIMES, September 18, 1971, p. 4; and October 18, 1971, p. 4.
156. "Johnson-Gromyko Talks: Clandestine Deals," from ROUND THE WORLD, a feature of PEKING REVIEW, October 21, 1966.
157. "Bonn-Bucharest Talks Will Begin Next Month," New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris edition), October 12, 1966.
160. H M Basner, regular column. GHANAIAN TIMES (Accra, Ghana), February 1, 1963.
161. George Pulay, City Editor, London TIMES. "More firms must merge in Europe," under sub-head, "Archaic capital structures," November 17, 1967.
162. Jacques Grippa, Secretary, Central Committee, Communist Party of Belgium, "American Imperialism has taken over from Hitler." Reprint of a lecture at the Free University of Brussels, December 13, 1965. (Le Livre International, Brussels. Translation by Richard Gibson, London representative, Negro Press International TUESDAY Magazine, USA), p. 8.
163. Hysni Kapo, op. cit.
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164. "World Leaders and Summit Meetings," GHANAIAN TIMES, July 6, 1967.
165. through 170[ 166 167 168 169 170 ]. ibid.
171. "The Glassboro Summit," NEWSWEEK, July 3, 1967.
172. Lenin, "The Tasks of the Proletariat in Our Revolution," loc. cit., p. 363.
173. NEWSWEEK, op. cit.
174. ibid.
175. "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., pp. 402-403.
176. ibid., p. 439.
177. Note 11, above, pp. 30 ff.
178. through 197[ 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 ]. ibid.
198. "The Kruschov Revisionists Supporters and Close Friends of the Indonesian Reactionaries," INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, January 1967, pp. 55 ff.
199. PEKING REVIEW, June 3, 1966.
Section E
200. ibid.
201. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
202. Note 11, above.
205. Anwar Dharma statement in PEKING REVIEW, October 14, 1966. Dharma had been correspondent in the USSR for the Indonesian Communist Party official organ, HARLAN RAKJAT. After three years in Moscow and less than a year following the coup in Indonesia, he was expelled from the Soviet Union.
208. Note 198, above.
209. through 215[ 210 211 212 213 214 215 ]. ibid.
216. Suar Suroso, statement published in INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, February 1967.
217. ZERI I POPULLIT, op. cit.
220. Item in CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS (USA), February 20, 1967. Under special feature, "Industry Concentrates." See also INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, February 1967. Item credited to PROGRESSIVE LABOR (New York).
221. NORTHERN NEIGHBORS (Ontario, Canada), July-August 1967.
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222. "On Sukarno's Imperialist Theme," MALAYAN MONITOR, May 1966. Cited in INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, January 1967.
223. "News Brief," INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, January 1967.
224. ibid.
225. Second "News Brief," ibid.
Section F
226. Baran and Sweezy, Monopoly Capitalism, Chapter 7, "Militarism and Imperialism."
227. Note 205, above.
228. through 231[ 229 230 231 ]. ibid.
232. Editorial, ZERI I POPULLIT, January 10, 1967, reprinted INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, January 1967.
233. Anna Vroland, "Whither Indonesia?" PAX ET LIBERTAS (Geneva), April-June 1967.
234. through 238[ 235 236 237 238 ]. ibid.
239. ZERI I POPULLIT, July 19-20, 1966, op. cit.
240. Peking reprint, ZERI I POPULLIT, op. cit.
241. "The Origin and Development of the Differences between the Leadership of the CPSU and Ourselves Comment on the Open Letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU," pamphlet version (Peking. Foreign Languages Press. 1963).
242. through 252[ 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 ]. ibid.
253. APN Commentator, "Hunghutses, Mao and History," NEWS FROM THE SOVIET UNION, Soviet Embassy organ (Accra, Ghana, under Nkrumah), April 2, 1967.
254. PEKING REVIEW, December 16, 1961.
255. ibid.
256. through 261[ 257 258 259 260 261 ]. ibid.
262. Vincent J. Burke, "Russia Expels Chinese Students Ousted in Retaliation." Special despatch, Moscow, New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris), October 8-9, 1966, p. 1.
263. "Last Appearance," AP despatch, ibid.
264. "In an Apocalyptic anti-Chinese Poem, ANDRE VOZNESSENSKI Exalts the Saviour Mission of 'Eternal Russia'." Story in LE MONDE (Paris), March 26, 1967. The poem had been published in the weekly RUSSIAN LITERATURE in Moscow.
265. Last Tatar Khan whom the cossacks under Yermak had to conquer in 1581 before they could start the conquest of Siberia. Explanation by LE MONDE.
[ 434 ]
266. Voznessenski poem, LE MONDE, op. cit.
269. The first Khan, who subjugated Russia in the 13th century. Explanation by LE MONDE.
270. and 271. Note 264, above.
Chapter V
Section A
1. TIME Magazine, February 12, 1965, op. cit.
2. CPSU Program, p. 39.
3. Lenin, "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 409.
4. Lenin, "A Caricature of Marxism," August-October 1916, loc. cit., p. 322.
5. "Is Yugoslavia a Socialist Country?" loc. cit., p. 5.
Section B
6. ZERI I POPULLIT editorial, July 1966, op. cit., p. 33.
7. "The Degeneration of the Yugoslav Economy..." loc. cit., first article.
8. ibid.
9. "Public Ownership in Name, State Capitalism in Fact," ibid., third article.
10. through 16[ 11 12 13 14 15 16 ]. ibid.
17. Miladin Vijosevic, "Characteristics of the Yugoslav Economic System," in The Economic Policies and System of Yugoslavia (Belgrade. 1961). Cited in ibid.
18. ibid.
19. Note 5, above.
20. Note 9, above.
21. Statistical Pocket-Book of Yugoslavia, 1963, cited in ibid.
22. M. Todorovic, "The Struggle on Two Fronts," NASHA STVARNOST, March 1954. Cited in ibid.
23. POLITIKA (Yugoslavia), December 7, 1961, cited in ibid.
24. SVET (Yugoslavia), December 8, 1961, cited in ibid.
25. VECERNJE NOVOSTI (Belgrade), December 11, 1961, cited in ibid.
26. Note 9, above.
27. Josef Stalin, Works (Foreign Languages Publishing House. Moscow), Vol. XI, p. 8. Cited in ibid.
[ 435 ]
28. through 33[ 29 30 31 32 33 ]. ibid.
34. Slavko Komar (former Yugoslav Secretary for Agriculture and Forestry), cited in ibid.
35. BORBA (Yugoslavia), July 19, 1963, cited in ibid.
36. through 38[ 37 38 ]. Note 5, above.
39. Open Letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU to the CPC. Cited in ibid.
40. Note 9, above.
43. "Problems of Agriculture in Yugoslavia," (Belgrade). Cited in ibid.
44. Note 9, above.
45. ibid.
46. CPSU Program, 1961, p. 14.
47. The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), (International Publishers. New York. 1939), Chapter 9, pp. 248 ff.
50. Lenin, Collected Works (Moscow), Vol. XXVII, p. 213. Cited in ibid.
53. K. S. Karol, op. cit., see Note 24, Chapter III, above.
56. PRAVDA, January 4, 1967. Cited in SOVIET NEWS (London Embassy, USSR), January 11, 1967, p. 1.
57. Note 1, above.
58. "One Year, Two Views," NEWSWEEK, October 18, 1965. Discusses the year following the fall of Kruschov.
59. "Correcting wrong ideas about Soviet Farmers," NORTHERN NEIGHBORS (Ontario, Canada), May 1967.
60. ibid.
61. "Communist Affairs," THE ECONOMIST (London), November 11, 1967.
62. "Frank Report on Actual Life of (Soviet) Farmers Today: Your Inside Look at Soviet Farms," NORTHERN NEIGHBORS, May 1967.
65. "EASTERN EUROPE: Nonworkers of the World, Unite!" TIME Magazine, June 2, 1967.
66. "EASTERN EUROPE: Toward Market Economic," TIME Magazine, November 11, 1966, p. 42.
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67. Hans Kleven, "Communist Party of Norway on the Ways to Peace and Socialism," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), September 1963.
68. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
Section C
69. Lenin, Selected Works (International Publishers. New York), Vol. VII, p. 365. Quoted in "Is Yugoslavia a Socialist Country?" loc. cit.
70. TIME Magazine, February 12, 1965, op. cit.
71. Lenin, "A report on War and Peace" to the 7th Congress, Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Selected Works (Foreign Languages Publishing House. Moscow. 1952), 2 Vols., p. 420. Quoted in PEKING REVIEW, June 12, 1964, op. cit.
72. PEKING REVIEW, first of 3 articles on Yugoslav revisionism, 1966, op. cit.
73. Ernst Mandel, "Yugoslav Economic Theory," MONTHLY REVIEW, April 1967.
74. through 79[ 75 76 77 78 79 ]. ibid.
80. Note 72, above.
81. ibid.
82. Note 5, above.
83. PEKING REVIEW, articles June 12, 19 and 26, 1964.
84. Note 57, above.
85. through 93[ 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 ]. ibid.
94. Anna Louise Strong, LETTER FROM CHINA, No. 49, May 30, 1967.
95. ibid.
96. Note 57, above.
97. through 100[ 98 99 100 ]. ibid.
101. John Muller, "Russia 'Scraps Five-Year Industrial Plan' Leaders' Differences," DAILY TELEGRAPH (London), September 28, 1967.
102. Note 57, above.
103. ibid.
104. TIME Magazine, November 11, 1966, op. cit.
105. ibid.
106. TIME Magazine, February 4, 1966, op. cit.
[ 437 ]
Section D
107. Ernst Mandel, op. cit.
108. through 110[ 109 110 ]. ibid.
111. PEKING REVIEW, June 1964 series.
114. Note 1, above.
115. PRIVREDNI PREGLED, June 1961. Cited in Note 72, above.
116. BORBA, February 28, 1962. Cited in ibid.
117. POLITIKA, January 18, 1963. Note 72, above.
118. EKONOMSKI POUTICAK (weekly), cited in Note 111, above.
119. Note 111, above.
120. Lenin, "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism," loc. cit., p. 298.
121. SOVIET NEWS (London Embassy, USSR), February 3, 1967.
122. K. S. Karol, op. cit., Note 24, Chapter III, above.
123. Second story in 121, above.
124. Note 1, above.
125. ibid. See also PRAVDA, January 4, 1967. Quoted in SOVIET NEWS, January 11, 1967.
126. Note 1, above.
129. "Guide through the Muddle about Profits," NORTHERN NEIGHBORS (Ontario, Canada), February 1966.
130. through 137[ 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 ]. ibid.
138. Anna Louise Strong, Note 94, above.
139. Note 104, above.
140. Note 1, above.
141. Note 104, above.
142. ibid.
143. Note 107, above.
144. Note 104, above.
145. Dessa Trevisan, "Rumania turns to pay and profit motives," London TIMES, December 6, 1967.
146. through 148[ 147 148 ]. Note 1, above.
149. Note 107, above.
[ 438 ]
Section E
152. Lenin, Collected Works, 4th Russian ed., Vol. 33, p. 420. Cited in Note 5, above.
153. Stalin, Works (Foreign Languages Publishing House. Moscow), Vol. X, pp. 115, 116. Cited in ibid.
154. Dominick J. Coyle, FINANCIAL TIMES (London). Reprinted in GHANAIAN TIMES (Accra, Gh na), April 24, 1967. (Date of source not quoted.)
155. NEWSWEEK, May 3, 1965. "Statesman" not named. See Note 26, Chapter III, above.
156. ibid.
157. PEKING REVIEW, May 27, 1966.
158. ibid.
159. Joseph Slevin, "Red Bloc Puts Price on Friendlier U.S. Relations," New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris), October 14, 1966.
160. "In Europe the 'Free World' is coming apart at the seams," NORTHERN NEIGHBORS, "Truth of the Month" page, June 1967.
161. ibid.
162. Note 155, above.
163. Note 57, above.
163a TIME Magazine, March 18, 1966, op. cit. ("The Third Communism.")
164. PEKING REVIEW, June 14, 1966. Note 5, above.
165. VJESNIK U SREDU, January 17, 1962. Cited in ibid.
166. Foreign Trade Minister Nikolai Patolichev interview, "Foreign Trade Prospects Good," from IZVESTIA. Reprinted, SOVIET NEWS (London Embassy, USSR), January 13, 1967.
167. ibid.
168. Note 154, above.
169. through 172[ 170 171 172 ]. ibid.
173. Note 1, above; also, Note 154, above.
174. Note 1, above.
175. Note 154, above.
176. through 180[ 177 178 179 180 ]. ibid.
181. Anthony Tucker, "Russia signs industrial agreement," London GUARDIAN, January 20, 1968.
182. Note 1, above.
183. NEWSWEEK, May 3, 1965. See Note 26, Chapter III, above.
184. "France Seeks Eastern Trade Preeminence; Aims to Supplant¬
[ 439 ]
Germany in Role," New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris), October 8-9, 1966.
185. Note 154, above.
186. "Britain's Top Team Going to Explore Russian Market," DAILY TELEGRAPH (London), November 17, 1967.
187. ibid.
188. Clifford Webb, Midland Industrial Correspondent, London TIMES, January 23, 1968.
189. Note 154, above.
190. Blake Baker, "Poland Looks to Britain," DAILY TELEGRAPH (London), February 22, 1968.
191. Note 159, above.
192. through 195[ 193 194 195 ]. ibid.
Section F
196. INDONESIAN TRIBUNE (Tirana, Albania), December 1966. Reprints of excerpts.
197. ibid.
198. History of CPSU, p. 284.
199. Han Suyin, interview with then-editor James Aronson, NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), February 4, 1967.
200. Anthony Sylvester, "Communist Yugoslavia Now Woos Capitalists," GHANAIAN TIMES, May 11, 1967. Original source not cited.
201. through 204[ 202 203 204 ]. ibid.
205. "Krupp Looks East," TIME Magazine, April 9, 1965.
206. ibid.
See also, "The Third Communism," TIME Magazine, March 18, 1966: "...the main reason for Western capital investment in Eastern Europe is access to a cheap labor supply," p. 47B.
207. Note 205, above.
208. "A Yugoslav economic leader" quoted by Sylvester, Note 200, above. Note 200, above.
209. "The Technology Gap," TIME Magazine, January 13, 1967.
210. through 212[ 211 212 ]. Note 205, above.
213. Note 200, above.
214. through 218[ 215 216 217 218 ]. See Note 209, above.< p>
219. GHANAIAN TIMES, April 24, 1967.
222. "Sharing the Wealth," TIME Magazine, March 25, 1966.
[ 440 ]
223. CPSU Program, p. 67.
224. Note 1, above.
225. CPSU Program, p. 67.
226. ibid., p. 85.
227. SOVIET NEWS (London Embassy, USSR), August 17, 1966; January 13, 31, 1967.
230. "Soviet Car Dealer Complains about Backward Marketing," New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris), October 8-9, 1966, p. 7.
231. V. Osiko, a letter to VECHERNAYA MOSKVA, quoted in ibid.
234. "They Call It 'Bridge Building'," editorial, RENMIN RIBAO, May 8, 1967. Reprinted in PEKING REVIEW, May 12, 1967.
235. ibid.
236. "Trade Partners: 100 Countries." Interview with USSR Foreign Minister Nikolai Patoclichev, SPUTNIK (Moscow), February 1967.
237. SOVIET NEWS (London Embassy, USSR), January 13, 1967.
238. TIME Magazine, March 25, 1966, op. cit.
239. through 244[ 240 241 242 243 244 ]. ibid.
245. Henry Brandon, "There's a Moral Leak in the American Umbrella," dateline, Washington D.C. SUNDAY TIMES (London), December 3, 1967.
245a "The Third Communism," TIME Magazine, March 18, 1967, p. 47.
246. "Europe: Hands across the Continent," NEWSWEEK, May 3, 1965.
247. TIME Magazine, February 12, 1965, op. cit.
248. FINANCIAL TIMES (London), Reprinted, GHANAIAN TIMES (Accra, Ghana), April 24, 1967.
249. Note 247, above.
250. Note 246, above.
251. Note 248, above.
252. TIME Magazine, April 9, 1965, op. cit.
253. Note 248, above. 253a Note 245a, above.
254. Note 205, above.
255. Note 247, above.
256. Note 248, above.
257. New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris), October 12, 1966, op. cit.
258. "Bonn-Bucharest Trade Talks Will Begin This Month," ibid.
[ 441 ]
259. "Western Patent Licenses Modernize Czech Industry," ibid.
260. Story in PRIVATE EYE (n.d.), satirical London weekly. Analyzed in DEMOCRATIC GERMAN REPORT (London), January 13, 1967.
261. ibid.
262. TIME Magazine, April 9, 1965, op. cit.
263. through 265[ 264 265 ]. ibid.
266. Note 246, above.
267. ibid.
268. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
269. Note 5, above.
270. PEKING REVIEW, June 12, 19 and 26, 1964, op. cit.
271. Note 1, above.
272. TIME Magazine, November 11, 1966, op. cit.
273. VESNIK U SREDU (Yugoslavia), December 6, 1961, Note 5, above.
Chapter VI
1. Lenin, The State and Revolution (Moscow ed.), p. 30.
2. ibid., p. 41.
3. Lenin, "The State and Revolution," loc. cit., p. 377.
4. Lenin, "Letter to the Workers of Europe and America," January 21, 1919, loc. cit., p. 482. See also, Lenin, The State and Revolution (Moscow ed.), p. 42; also, Lenin, Lenin, "Greetings to the Italian, French and German Communists," October 10, 1919, loc. cit., p. 523.
5. Lenin, "Greetings to the Italian, French and German Communists," loc. cit., pp. 520-521.
6. Lenin, "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 397. Also, ibid., p. 393.
7. Note 1, above, p. 57.
8. Note 5, above, p. 521.
9. Note 6, above, p. 394. Also, Note 2, above.
Section A
10. CPSU Program, p. 10.
11. ibid., p. 19.
12. ibid., p. 39.
13. ibid., p. 19.
[ 442 ]
14. ibid., p. 91.
15. Lenin, "Theses on Bourgeois Democracy and Proletarian Dictatorship Presented to the First Congress of the Communist International," March 4, 1919, loc. cit., p. 487.
16. ibid., pp. 488-489.
17. Lenin, "Theses of Report on the Tactics of the Russian Communist Party to the Third Congress of the Communist International," June 13, 1921, loc. cit., p. 570.
18. Friedrich Engels, Origin of the Family, etc.: Marx, Engels, Selected Works (Moscow. 1958), Vol. II, p. 320. Quoted by Lenin in "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 399.
19. CPSU Program, p. 11.
20. ibid.
21. ibid., p. 40.
22. ibid., p. 91.
23. "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 392.
24. Lenin, "Greetings to the Hungarian Wo kers," PRAVDA, May 29, 1919, loc. cit., p. 500. See also, "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 388. Also, The State and Revolution (Moscow edition), p. 51.
25. Lenin, "Theses on Proletarian Dictatorship," PRAVDA, March 6, 1919, loc. cit., p. 494. See also, Karl Marx, "Critique of the Gotha Program," Marx, Engels, Selected Works, Vol. II, pp. 32-33. Quoted by Lenin in "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 388.
26. "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 394.
27. ibid., p. 395. See also, The State and Revolution (Moscow edition), p. 51.
Section B
28. "Shameful Failure of the Political and Economic System of Titoite Yugoslavia (Tirana, Albania. 1966), p. 10.
29. ibid., p. 15.
32. Pamphlet written by "Soviet Bolsheviks" inside the USSR. Reprinted in INDONESIAN TRIBUNE (Tirana), December 1966.
33. through 43[ 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ]. ibid.
44. History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (International Publishers. New York. 1939), p. 285.
45. Note 32, above.
46. through 51[ 47 48 49 50 51 ]. ibid.
[ 443 ]
52. Han Suyin, interview with James Aronson, then-editor, NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), February 4, 1967.
53. ibid.
54. Regular monthly column, Scott Nearing, long associated with U.S. Left and founder and current "angel" of MONTHLY REVIEW, September 1967.
55. Note 52, above.
Section C
56. Lenin, "The State and Revolution," loc. cit., p. 376.
57. Lenin, "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., pp. 441-442.
58. Lenin, "Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder," loc. cit., pp. 539-540.
59. China Policy Study Group, "The P.L.A. and the Cultural Revolution," BROADSHEET (official organ), June 1967.
60. through 65[ 61 62 63 64 65 ]. ibid.
66. Lieut. Gen. Van Tien Dung, Vietnamese People's Army officer, "Some Major Experiences of Our Successful People's War against U.S. War of Destruction," Supplement, VIETNAM COURIER (Hanoi), July 3, 1967, p. 3.
67. "How you can help those who worry about Vietnam: Why People WIN Wars," NORTHERN NEIGHBORS (Canada), September 1966. See also, "How You Can Understand the Armed Forces of Socialism," ibid., June 1967.
68. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
Section D
71. Lenin, "The State and Revolution," loc. cit., p. 372. See also, Engels, Introduction to "The Civil War in France," Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. I, p. 484. Cited in Cheng Chin-szu "The Great Lessons of the Paris Commune in Commemoration of Its 95th Birthday," series, PEKING REVIEW, April 1, 8 and 15, 1966.
72. PEKING REVIEW, series, just cited.
73. through 75[ 74 75 ]. ibid.
76. In Ghana, the writer was "introduced" to other very similar evidence, and also personally heard eye-witness confirmation of the Indonesian view of what had happened to some of the PKI leadership: Not long after the Indonesian coup, the All African Trade Union Federation, for whom the writer was then working, sent a trustworthy African representative to¬
[ 444 ]
Indonesia "to watch and report back." This man personally told the writer that he had been among a crowd which stood across the street from D. N. Aidit's house when it was ransacked by Army men who entered empty-handed and came out again and again bearing refrigerators, motorcycles and other consumer goods usually considered luxuries in colonial areas.
In Ghana itself, prior to the anti-Nkrumah coup of 1966, an Afro-American maintenance worker employed by an African firm was sent to do repairs on the house of A.Y.K. Djinn, then Minister of Trade. He reported to the writer that the place had become a warehouse for consumer goods like sugar cubes, tinned milk, tennis shoes, cloth, etc., to the point where there was room for sleeping inside the place itself only for the Minister, his wife and children being relegated to to the servants' quarters at back. The man was eventually dismissed by Nkrumah, but his activities were typical. The writer furthermore attended a cocktail party given for staff by John K. Tettegah, then Secretary General of the All African Trade Union Federation headquartered in Ghana: the luxury of this place was startling and partly explained how this man was able to maintain two families. Yet he, upon being released from jail by the new junta, promptly denounced Nkrumah for corruption, like all the rest who, for whatever reasons, had been exposed by the "National Liberation Council" dictatorship.
As noted by the Indonesians, the source of all this corruption was a failure to understand, recognize and carry out Marxist principles by smashing the old bureaucracy. We say this, because Nkrumah at least claimed to be following such principles and Sukarno and his cohorts mouthed the word "socialism" a bit frequently. The above observations suggested to this writer that the only alternative, if the old bureaucracy is not smashed, is the rise of a new bureaucracy, aping the old one.
77. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
78. through 82[ 79 80 81 82 ]. PEKING REVIEW, series, see Note 71, above.
Chapter VII
Section A
1. Lenin, "The Stuttgart Congress," September 1907, loc. cit.
2. Lenin, article in SOTSIAL-DEMOKRAT No. 33, loc. cit., pp. 214, 215.
[ 445 ]
3. Lenin, "The Tasks of the Proletariat in Our Revolution," September 1917, loc. cit., p. 358.
4. See Note 1, above, p. 93.
5. CPSU Program, p. 26.
6. ibid., p. 38.
7. ibid., p. 48.
8. ibid., p. 53.
9. ibid., p. 54.
12. ibid., p. 56.
13. ibid., p. 100.
14. ibid., p. 128.
15. Anti-revisionist underground pamphlet, as in INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, December 1966.
16. through 19[ 17 18 19 ]. ibid.
Section B
20. Chao Yi-min (chief delegate from China to World Congress of Peace, Helsinki, July 12, 1965). Quoted in "Two Diametrically Opposed Lines in the World Peace Movement," PEKING REVIEW, July 23, 1965.
21. PEKING REVIEW, November 11, 1966.
22. H.M. Basner, "Straws in the wind of coexistence," GHANAIAN TIMES, May 23, 1962.
23. through 27[ 24 25 26 27 ]. ibid.
28. Professor E.H.S. Burhop FRS, "Disarmament The Way Ahead," speech at cited Conference, November 1963.
29. through 31[ 30 31 ]. ibid.
32. James Milne, "Co-existence, Trade and the Future of Britain's Economy," speech at cited Conference, as Note 28, above.
33. ibid.
34. Professor J. D. Bernal FRS, Chairman, WCP Presidential Committee, "Cooperation and Action," keynote speech, at cited Conference, as Note 28, above.
35. ibid.
36. "The 'Eighteen' Nation Committee on Disarmament," PAX ET LIBERTAS (England), (international organ, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom), April-June 1962.
37. Lenin, "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism," loc. cit., pp. 303-4.
[ 446 ]
38. ibid., p. 302. See also, Lenin, "The Collapse of the Second International," loc. cit., p. 240; and "How the Bourgeoisie Utilizes Renegades," September 1919, loc. cit., pp. 509, 510.
39. Sidney Lens (labor writer), report from Saigon in PEACE NEWS (London), October 16, 1964.
40. See Note 15, above.
41. "WAR: How can an intelligent person look at the problem of war today?" NORTHERN NEIGHBORS (Canada), April 1966.
42. "Must there be WARS to start REVOLUTIONS?" ibid., March 1966.
43. Observer, discussion of then-proposed Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, PEKING REVIEW, November 18, 1966.
44. through 47[ 45 46 47 ]. ibid.
48. See Note 41, above.
49. ibid.
50. From the author's notes, taken down on the spot, November 1963.
51. ibid.
52. ZERI I POPULLIT, July 21, 1966.
53. through 60[ 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 ]. ibid.
61. Basil Davidson, "Warsaw Pact and NATO: Will They Survive?" Reprint from unnamed source in DAILY GRAPHIC (Accra, Ghana), March 22, 1963.
62. through 65[ 63 64 65 ]. ibid.
66. See Note 52, above.
67. Hysni Kapo, op. cit., see Note 2, Chapter I, above.
68. WORLD CONSTRUCTION (U.S.A.), July 1967.
69. See Note 67, above.
70. PEKING REVIEW, May 6, 1967 (discussion of Malinovsky charges).
73. RENMIN RIBAO commentator report. Reprinted, PEKING REVIEW, March 10, 1967. (Discussing an item in SOVIET DAILY NEWS, Ethiopia, USSR Embassy Bulletin, February 21, 1967.)
74. UPI Report, Washington, D.C., cited in ibid.
77. Vietnam News Agency (Hanoi), February 28, 1967.
78. ibid.
79. "U.S. Does Not Want to Keep Suez Closed," DAILY TELEGRAPH (London), December 2, 1967.
80. See Note 70, above.
81. ibid.
[ 447 ]
82. ibid.
This has been typical of Soviet dealings with most underdeveloped countries, as witness the following information from a U.S. Bureau of Intelligence and Research study dated May 15, 1972, issued by the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D. C.:
"By the end of 1971, the Soviet Union had delivered to the LDCs (less developed countries HE) only $3.6 billion of the $7.6 billion of economic aid offered during the nearly two decades of its foreign assistance program (i.e., since 1954 HE). This calculates to a draw-down ratio of approximately 47 per cent."
83. PEKING REVIEW, June 24, 1966.
84. ibid.
85. ibid., November 18, 1966.
86. ibid., December 23, 1966.
87. ibid., February 24, 1967.
88. through 90[ 89 90 ]. ibid.
91. ibid., January 1, 1967.
92. ibid.
93. NEWSWEEK, October 18, 1965, op. cit., see Note 58, Chapter V, above.
94. ibid.
95. David Lawrence, "Russians in Vietnam: War or Involvement?" Weekly column, New York HERALD TRIBUNE (Paris), October 8-9, 1966.
96. "Scuffling in Hanoi," NEWSWEEK, December 22, 1969, p. 57.
97. Jorgen E. Petersen, New York correspondent, EXPRESSEN, Sweden's largest newspaper, "Hanoi Edging toward Talks?" GUARDIAN (London), November 17, 1967.
98. ibid.
Chapter VIII
1. Boguslaw Jasinski, Polish lecturer, Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute, Winneba, Ghana: "Why Developing Nations Cannot Go Capitalist Way." Second article of a series. THE SPARK (Accra, Ghana), June 18, 1965.
2. Lenin, "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism," loc. cit., pp. 295, 297.
3. Chapter IV, pp. 76 ff., analysing the fate of former U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson's "Seven Points" of acceptable¬
[ 448 ]
conduct for socialist countries wanting "improved relations" with the U.S.A.
4. CPSU Program, pp. 25-35.
5. ibid., p. 26.
6. ibid., p. 31.
7. ibid., p. 57.
8. ibid., p. 36.
9. Howard Selsam, op. cit., "Preface to the Second Edition."
10. Lenin, "The Collapse of the Socialist International," loc. cit., pp. 245-6.
11 Labor Aristocracy, Chapters IV through VI; also Chapters XVII and XVIII.
12. CPSU Program, p. 35.
13. Lenin, "The Stuttgart International Socialist Congress," August and September, 1907, loc. cit., p. 91.
14. See Note 11, Chapter VI, above.
Chapter IX
Section A
1. CPSU Program, p. 26.
2. ibid., p. 28. See also, p. 34.
3. 'Paths of Development for Newly-Emerging Countries," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (English edition, PROBLEMS OF PEACE & SOCIALISM, Prague), April, May, June and July 1962. Excerpts from a Conference sponsored by the journal.
4. Jack Woddis (Britain), ibid., April 1962.
5. Jos�Cademartori (Chile), ibid., June 1962.
6. CPSU Program, p. 26.
7. See Note 3, above.
8. P. Tlale (South Africa), May 1962. See Note 3, above.
9. A. Avanesyan (Iran), July 1962. See Note 3, above.
10. R. Palme Dutt, "Neo-Colonialism & British Imperialism," a "preliminary contribution to an exchange of views on 'The Disintegration of the Colonial System and New Forms of Colonialism'," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW, September 1962.
11. Belal Abel Aziz (Morocco), April 1962. See Note 3, above.
12. S. Nader (Lebanon), June 1962, ibid.
13. A. Avanesyan (Iran), July 1962, ibid.
14. Hutomo Supardan & Oei Djun (Indonesia), June 1962, ibid.
[ 449 ]
15. Pierre Jal�, The Plunder of the Third World; and The Third World in World Economy Monthly Review Press, New York), pp. 23-27; pp. 15 ff., respectively. Published 1968, 1969, resp. Also Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism & Underdevelopment in Latin America (Monthly Review Press, New York, 1969), pp. 258 ff.
16. See Note 5, above.
17. Jal�, Plunder, Chapter III, "The Trade of the Third World." Also, Frank, Capitalism, pp. 201 ff. See also, "Wage Gap Widens on world-wide Front," a Reuters despatch in THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR for August 26, 1963, p. 4. It reported the following facts from "a new study by the Organization for Economic Development (OECD)":
|
LOCATION |
Average Annual Revenue per Inhabitant in Dollars |
Total Population in Millions |
||
|
1962 |
1970 (est)* |
1962 |
1970 (est)* |
|
|
Industrialized Countries |
1,900 |
2,500 |
471 |
517 |
|
Developing Countries |
130 |
150 |
1,432 |
1,734 |
18. Jal�, Third World, pp. 61 ff.
19. Foreign Trade Minister Nikolai Patolichev, interview, loc. cit.
20. CPSU Program, p. 45.
21. ibid.
Section B
22. V. G. Wilcox, General Secretary, New Zealand Communist Party, "Contradictions & Revisionism," N. Z. COMMUNIST REVIEW, June 1965. Cited, PEKING REVIEW, August 13, 1965.
23. Russell Warren Howe (African Affairs correspondent, BALTIMORE SUN, Maryland, USA), feature article, "Change in Russia's Policy toward Africa." Reprinted, GHANAIAN TIMES, August 25, 1967.
24. See Note 3, above.
25. Analysis of October 1966 Cairo Seminar of non-aligned countries, sponsored by WORLD MARXIST REVIEW. PEKING REVIEW, November 25, 1966.
26. "The Socialist World System and the National Liberation¬
[ 450 ]
Movement," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW, March 1963.
27. Mahjemout Diop (Senegal), ibid., p. 67.
28. Tewfik Takali (Morocco); Mohammed Ennafaa (Tunisia), ibid., several places.
29. Or at least no excerpts were quoted by the editors (equally significant).
30. Raymond Barb�(France), who stressed that African countries, thanks to the USSR, achieved independence "peacefully", ibid., p. 52, p. 62, p. 63; Idris Cox (Britain) who spoke (p. 63) about varying concepts of "African socialism," all of which he evaluated for Africans. Keynote speech: Academician Arzumanyan (USSR), ibid., p. 51. Summary (pp. 69-71) by A.M. Rumyantsev, Chief Editor, WORLD MARXIST REVIEW. Cox also spoke about the "future of socialism in Africa," including "an African road to socialism."
31. See Note 25, above.
32. Kurt Mueller, op. cit.
33. See Note 25, above.
34. "The USSR and the National Struggle," NEWS FROM THE SOVIET UNION (Ghana Embassy, Accra), July 11, 1965.
35. Anna Louise Strong, LETTER FROM CHINA, July 5, 1965.
36. Wilfred Burchett (Asian analyst), "Vietnam: the Waterloo of U.S. Invincibility," NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), August 12, 1967. First of three articles.
37. For example, Palmiro Togliatti, "Social Democracy and the Colonial Question," speech to Comintern, 1928. Cited throughout Labor Aristocracy.
38. ibid.
39. See Note 34, above.
40. ibid.
41. ibid., p. 2.
42. V. Tyugamenko, "Present National Movement," SPUTNIK (Moscow), July-August, 1965.
43. See Note 3, above.
44. Blas Roca, General Secretary Cuban Communist Party. See Note 3, above, loc. cit., May 1962.
45. Belal Abdel Aziz, ibid., April 1962.
46. Abdelkader el Ouahrani, ibid., April 1962.
47. ibid.
48. Paulino G. Alberdi (Argentina), ibid., April 1962.
[ 451 ]
49. Hutomo Supardan and Oei Djun (Indonesia), ibid., June 1962.
50. ibid.
51. P. Tlale (South Africa), ibid., May 1962.
52. Jack Woddis (Britain), ibid., April 1962.
55. See Note 42, above.
56. CPSU Program, pp. 56-7.
57. A. Avanesyan (Iran), see Note 3, above, July 1962.
58. Han Suyin, interview, NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), February 4, 1967. See also, Appendix III for partial list of actual coups.
Section C
59. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
60. Kurt Mueller, op. cit., article of July 25, 1967.
61. ibid.
62. "The Cairo 'Seminar,' Spreading Revisionist Fallacies," PEKING REVIEW, November 23, 1966.
Part of ROUND THE WORLD feature.
65. See Note 60, above.
68. Statement of Egyptian Security Police (NZZ). Quoted in ibid.
69. through 71[ 70 71 ]. ibid.
72. See Note 60, above.
73. ibid.
74. Quote inside quote: Alexander Sobolev, address at Cairo Seminar. Cited by Kurt Mueller, op. cit.
75. See Note 60, above.
76. Jack Woddis (Britain), see Note 3, above, April 1962.
77. See Note 74, above.
78. See Note 60, above.
79. through 82[ 80 81 82 ]. ibid.
83. See Note 60, above.
84. Abdelkader el Ouahrani (Algeria), "The Struggle for National Independence and Disarmament," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), June 1962, pp. 19 ff.
85. "The Peoples Fighting for Independence Want Disarmament," ibid.
86. ibid.
[ 452 ]
87. "The Newly Independent Peoples Are Not Interested in the Arms Race," ibid.
88. "Complete and General Disarmament Would Strengthen the National Liberation Movement," ibid.
89. See Note 67, Chapter VI, Section C, revisionist position on imperialism's weapons' superiority.
90. See Chapter VI, Section A, revisionist theory about the peaceful transition to socialism.
Section D
91. Any hapless member of KNII's staff who stepped out of line (as dictated by KNII's Eastern European "guidance") found himself effectively ostracised: isolated socially with minor exceptions; not assigned classes to teach (despite a contract with the Ghana government). Pat Sloan, an English Communist and and friend to Kwame Nkrumah, invited to Ghana and given his contract directly by Nkrumah, was one such "hapless member of KNII staff." He also wrote for the short-lived SUNDAY PUNCH, a Ghanaian muck-raking paper that started, with a trial run December 8, 1965 and ran seven issues before the coup. It was at PUNCH headquarters that the writer heard Sloan describe these conditions and developments at KNII.
92. Boguslaw Jasinski, op. cit., Article I, Column 2.
93. ibid., Article I, Column 3.
94. ibid., Article I, Column 7.
95. ibid., Article II, Column 3.
95a "The Gap Widens on world-wide Front," CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, August 26, 1963 (Reuters), p. 4.
96. Boguslaw Jasinski, op. cit., Article 1, Column 3.
97. ibid., Article I, Column 4.
98. ibid., Article I, Column 4.< span>
99. ibid., Article II, Column 2.
100. Labor Aristocracy, Chapter XXIV, "Effect on Western Marxists of Wrong Estimate of Labor Aristocracy."
101. Sekou Tour� Guinee Revolution and Social Progress, p. 23.
102. Jasinski, op. cit., Article I, Column 7.
103. Lenin, "Imperialism and the Split in Socialism," October 1916, loc. cit., p. 332.
104. Jasinski, op. cit., Article I, Column 7.
105. ibid., Article II, Column 1.
106. See Program of Communist Party of Great Britain, statement¬
[ 453 ]
on colonialism. Reprinted, GHANAIAN TIMES (Accra, Ghana), January 31, 1964, as "Down with Colonialism!"
107. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
For example, see Pedro Motta Lima (Brazil), remarks at Conference in Note 3, reported loc. cit., June 1962:
"Through their trade unions, peasant leagues, student and cultural organizations and political parties, the people of Brazil are fighting to uphold the constitutional system. Defending democratic legality as the way out of the present crisis, the progressive forces consider it imperative to pursue peaceful lines of action."
108. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
109. Ktut Weda, "Cast away Illusions about the 'Peaceful Road'." Discussion of PKI Self-Criticism, INDONESIAN TRIBUNE, February 1967.
110. See Note 92, above.
111. Kurt Mueller, op. cit.
112. See Note 48, above.
113. See Note 12, above.
114. See Note 49, above.
115. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
116. See Note 57, above.
117. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
Section E
118. Keesing's "Contemporary Archives, 1965-66, P. 21190.
119. ibid.
120. News of the abortive January 8 coup came to the writer from a fellow-inmate of the Accra YWCA who monitored French radio where it was announced. Its reality was confirmed the next day by Kwamina Essilfie, then editor of the short-lived SUNDAY PUNCH. The author also personally witnessed the expulsion of Asian Marxists, including standing with a daily crowd across the street from the Chinese Embassy, watching personnel packing lorries with Embassy furniture, preparatory to departure. That was October 1966.
121. Kaye Whiteman (Assistant Editor, WEST AFRICAN REVIEW), "Is There a 'Chinese Menace' in the Congo?" PEACE NEWS (London), September 4, 1964.
122. through 128[ 123 124 125 126 127 128 ]. ibid.
129. Ian Tickle, "Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons," GHANAIAN TIMES (Accra, Ghana), September 14, 1967.
[ 454 ]
No clue appeared as to WHO "Ian Tickle" was. However, for what it is worth, an Asante (Twi) word for tickle is "nunu." Nunoo, Nuno, etc. is a very common Ghanaian name among Ga people around Accra.
130. through 135[ 131 132 133 134 135 ]. ibid.
136. Occasionally, Eastern European personnel did manage to "go too far" in the "new circumstances," and got themselves evicted, just to show the upstarts who was bossing the show. See, e.g., GHANAIAN TIMES, June 7, 1967: "Safeguarding our freedom: Ghana expels 4 Communists." Two Russians (NOVOSTI and PRAVDA correspondents) and two Czechs (JIRI PRAVDA correspondent and Embassy commercial attache) were "bundled out" on the usual "espionage" charges. But their Embassies and Bulletins remained.
137. Kurt Mueller, op. cit.
138. V. Tyugamenko, op. cit., cited in ibid.
139. ibid.
140. Mueller, op. cit.
141. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
142. CPSU Program, p. 45.
143. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
144. Jack Woddis, see Note 3, above, loc. cit.
145. See Note 12, above.
146. Ruy Mauro Marini, "Brazilian Subimperialism," also Eduardo Galeano, "Brazil and Uruguay: Euphoria and Agony," MONTHLY REVIEW (New York), February 1972.
Section F
147. Boguslaw Jasinski, op. cit.
148. Professor Andre Guilder Frank, "The Development of Underdevelopment," MONTHLY REVIEW (New York), September 1966.
149. through 152[ 150 151 152 ]. ibid.
153. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit.
154. ibid.
155. Jack Woddis, see Note 3, above, loc. cit.
156. Jack Woddis, "The Role of the African Working Class in the National Liberation Movement," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), April 1962.
157. Khachatur Ara (Secretary General, Federation of Trade Unions Iraq), Article 2, "Trade Unions and the Struggle for Socialism," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), April 1962.
[ 455 ]
158. Moses Mabhida (Vice Chairman, South African Conference of Trade Unions), ibid.
159. See Note 155, above.
160. See Note 9, above.
161. "What's Gone WRONG in AFRICA?" NORTHERN NEIGHBORS (Canada), April 1966.
162. ibid.
163. See Note 153, above.
164. Lenin, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, Chapter VIII, "The Parasitism and Decay of Capitalism," Selected Works in Three Volumes (Progress Publishers. Moscow. 1970), Vol. 1, p. 748.
165. See Note 161, above.
166. James Jackson (quondam Editor, New York DAILY WORKER), "The Democratic Uprising of American Negroes," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), September 1963.
167. ibid.
168. James Jackson, "Negro Oppression as a Function of U.S. Capitalism," THE SPARK (Accra, Ghana), January 18, 1966.
169. ibid.
170. See Note 166, above.
171. See Note 168, above.
172. Jack A. Smith, interview with Stokeley Carmichael, NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), August 12, 1967.
173. ibid.
174. See Note 147, above.
175. See Note 156, above.
Section G
176. Boguslaw Jasinski, op. cit.
177. M. Edouard Bonnefus, "Les Milliards Qui s'Envolent" (Fayard. Paris. 1963). Quoted in Pierre Jal�, Pillage (New York and London, MONTHLY REVIEW PRESS, 1968 translation from French, Paris. 1965. Maspero. Le Pillage du Tiers Monde), p. 60.
178. ibid.
179. K. Dobrev (Bulgaria), see Note 3, above, May 1962, loc. cit.
180. Z. Mazyar (Iran), see Note 3, above, July 1962, loc. cit.
181. B. Zacharescu (Rumania), ibid.
182. Romano Ledda, April 1962, ibid.
183. ibid. See also next reference.
[ 456 ]
184. R. Palme Dutt, "Neo-Colonialism and British Imperialism," in "Exchange of Views on the Disintegration of the Colonial System and New Forms of Colonialism," WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), April 1962.
185. ibid.
186. Felix Greene, The Enemy: Notes on Imperialism and Revolution (Jonathan Cape. London. 1971). Cited in a review of the book printed in LIBERATION STRUGGLE, "an anti-imperialist monthly...with a special focus on Africa," (London), issue No. 5, May 1972.
187. ibid.
188. Paul Friedlander and Hartmut Schilling, "West German Imperialism Bulwark of Colonialism." In Exchange cited in Note 184, above.
189. Jal�, op. cit. (see Note 171, above), p. 61.
190. Alfredo E. Hernandez, Director, Project Analysis Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D. C. "International Credit Institutions," WORLD CONSTRUCTION (U.S.), July 1967.
191. through 198[ 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 ]. ibid.
199. Jal�, op. cit., p. 61.
200. Gilbert Mathieu, LE MONDE, October 22-23, 1964. Figures on bilateral aid, deduced by Jal� from this article by subtracting one billion francs in private aid (because not accepted by Jal� as genuine aid) and 145 million francs in the "multilateral" category. In op. cit., p. 61.
201. Jal�, op. cit., p. 64.
202. ibid.
203. U.S. Government Printing Office, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1966 (Washington, D.C.), p. 852. Cited in Jal�, op. cit., p. 64.
204. Jean Lacouture, LE MONDE, October 24, 1964. Cited in Jal�, op. cit., p. 63.
205. Jal�, op. cit., p. 65.
206. See Note 190, above.
207. Jal�, op. cit., p. 65.
208. ibid.
209. See Note 190, above.
210. ibid.
211. Jal�, op. cit., p. 66.
212. See Note 190, above.
[ 457 ]
213. Jal�, op. cit., p. 65-7.
214. See Note 190, above. 215. Jal�, op. cit., p. 66.
216. ibid., p. 67. 217. ibid., pp. 67, 68 and 69.
218. ibid., p. 83. 219. ibid., pp. 83-4.
220. Boguslaw Jasinski, op. cit. 221. through 224[
222
223
224
]. ibid. 225. Jal�, op. cit., pp. 32, 44-5. 226. ibid., p. 30. 227. ibid. 228. ibid., pp. 30-1. 229. ibid., p. 32. 230. Jasinski, op. cit. 231. Jal�, op. cit., p. 30. Section H 232. Jack Woddis, See Note 3, above. 233. ibid. 234. Z. Mazyar (Iran), ibid., July 1962. See also B. Zacharescu (Rumania), ibid. 235. Jack Woddis, op. cit. 236. P. Tlale (South Africa), ibid., May 1962. 237. "Study Corner," THUNDER, April 1967 (Georgetown, Guyana). Theoretical organ of the Guyanese People's Progressive Party under then-Prime Minister Cheddi Jagan. 238. ibid. 239. B. Zacharescu, loc. cit. 240. See Note 236, above. 241. THUNDER, op. cit. 244. Belal Abdel Aziz (Morocco), see Note 3, above. Loc. cit., April 1962. 245. G. Hansen (GDR), ibid., July 1962. See also Romano Ledda (Italy), ibid., April 1962. 246. K. Dobrev, op. cit., ibid., April 1962. 247. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Research Study, May 15, 1962 (Washington, D. C), p. 30. Hereinafter referred to as "BIR Research Study." 248. ibid., pp. ii and 7. 249. "Sino-Soviet Rivalry in Africa," PLAIN TRUTH (Texas, USA), May 1972. Note that, if an annual RATE of aid were applied to that from BOTH sources (Western and Eastern), and for the same number of years (using certain simplistic assumptions), then socialist aid would be greater than Western. 250. Interview with Kwesi Amoaka-Ata, last Finance Minister under Nkrumah, by the author (Accra, Ghana), October 18, 1967. [ 458 ] 251. BIR Research Study, p. 30. 252. See Note 49, above. 253. Blas Roca (Cuba), General Secretary, Cuban Communist Party. See Note 3, above, loc. cit., May 1962. 254. Major Ernesto "Che" Guevara, "Socialist Planning in Cuba," AFRICA LATIN AMERICA ASIA REVOLUTION (Paris), Vol. 1, No 6, Talk, July 14, 1963, at Algiers, to an international seminar on economic planning. 255. Leon Gure and Julian Weinkle, "Cuba's New Dependency," PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (Washington, D. C.) U.S. Information Agency, March-April 1972. 256. Kurt Mueller, op. cit. 257. V. Tyugamenko, op. cit., cited in ibid. 258. ibid. 259. Jack Woddis, op. cit. 260. Mueller, op. cit. 261. BIR Research Study, p. 16: "In conjunction with the Soviet military assistance program at least 2,500 military personnel from thirteen LDCs (Less Developed Countries HE) were being trained in the Soviet Union in 1971. This brings to approximately 26,000 the number of personnel who have received such military training in the USSR since 1955. In addition, nearly 16,500 Soviet military personnel were present in the following LDCs in 1971: No of Military Personnel Country Afghanistan 150 Algeria 1,000 Ceylon 100 Egypt 12,500 Guinea 100 India 150 Iraq 400 Somalia 300 Sudan 500 Syria 800 Yemen (Aden) 180 Yemen (Sana) 100 Other 200 TOTAL 16,480 262. Radio Moscow, TASS International Service, December 9, 1970. Cited in Gure and Weinkle, op cit. Their footnote 30 on their p. 78. [ 459 ] 263. THE MIAMI HERALD, April 14, 1971; LATIN AMERICA (London), May 7, 1971. Cited in Gure and Weinkle, op. cit. Their footnote 65 on their p. 78. 264. Kurt Mueller, op. cit. 265. Mohan Ram, Maoism in India, pp. 175-178. Cited by Kathleen Gough, "Imperialism in South Asia," MONTHLY REVIEW (New York), March 1972. 266. Felix Greene, op. cit. 267. Alfredo Hernandez, op. cit. 268. BIR Research Study, p. 10. 269. See Note 237, above. 270. Jal�, op. cit. 271. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit. 272. THUNDER, op. cit. 273. ibid. 274. Mohan Ram, op. cit. 275. "The Russians are coming to India," weekly feature, INTERNATIONAL MARKETPLACE, NEWSWEEK (New York), August 21, 1972. 276. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 73. 277. BIR Research Study, p. 30. 278. These things, the writer saw with her own eyes. Information on countries of origin of the tractors and the petrol inefficiency of the monster Russian lorries came from the writer's ex-husband, George Edwards, a one-time U.S. Communist Party organizer who went to Ghana in early 1962 to "help build socialism in Africa." He is a man knowledgeable in construction, who had contact with contractors and builders in Ghana from all over the world, as well as with Ghana government officials in the construction side of Nkrumah's effort to rehabilitate his country. 279. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., pp. 72-3. 280. Guevara, op. cit. 281. Gure and Weinkle, p. 69. 282. ibid., p. 76. 283. ibid., p. 77. 284. Jal�, op. cit., p. 30. See also BIR Research Study, p. 30. 285. Guevara, op. cit. 286. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 70. 287. ibid., pp. 70-1. [ 460 ] 288. ibid., p. 71. 289. V.V. Volksi, ed., Cuba: Ten Years of the Revolution (Nauka. Moscow. 1968), p. 126. Cited in Gure and Weinkle, op. cit. Their footnote 22 on their p. 71. 290. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 71. 291. Guevara, op. cit. 292. THUNDER, op. cit. 295. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 70. 296. ibid. 297. ibid., pp. 71-2. 298. ibid., p. 72. 299. ibid. 300. HOY (Havana), October 14, 1964, Cited in Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., their footnote 28 on their p. 72. 301. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 72. 304. ibid., p. 74. 305. ibid., p. 78. 306. ibid., pp. 72-3. 307. See GHANAIAN TIMES: "Ghana to review 1000 grants in Soviet Union..." (October 5, 1966); "Africa is short of medical and health workers;" and "More Doctors Needed in Africa" (April 7, 14, 1967, respectively); "Re-Testing of Soviet-Trained Doctors Will Assess Their Background," by Kwesi Mould (October 19, 1967); "More Soviet Trained Doctors Arriving," by S Asante-Fosukwe (October 20, 1967); "NLC to Decide on 17 Doctors," by Kwesi Mould (October 25, 1967); "ALL DOCTORS WILL TRAIN LOCALLY" (November 1, 1967). See also, GHANAIAN TIMES: "Report on 56 Soviet-trained air crew submitted" (June 2, 1967), p. 8. The key sentence in this despatch reads: "The 56 were among the 78 engineers declared redundant by the Ghana Airways Corporation last November." The despatch also noted that "several western countries" had expressed "interest" in retraining these students. 308. PKI Self-Criticism, loc. cit. 309. ibid. 310. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 72. [ 461 ] 311. ibid. 312. Guevara, op. cit. 313. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 76. 314. ibid. 315. ibid., p. 75. 316. ibid., p. 74. See also, ibid., p. 70, Footnote 15: "For the purposes of this paper, the Soviet ruble is considered equal to $1.11 (US)." 317. ibid., p. 77. 318. ibid. 319. Basil Davidson, Which Way Africa? (Penguin. England. 1964), p. 172. 320. "Cocoa Consumption Goes Up," EVENING NEWS (Accra, Ghana), July 19, 1967. 321. W.R. Feaver, "World demand doubles in 15 years." In "Cocoa: a special report," THE TIMES (London), September 19, 1969. 322. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 70, their footnote 12. 323. ibid., p. 70. 324. ibid., p. 72. 325. ibid., p. 79. 326. PLAIN TRUTH (Texas), May 1971, op. cit. 327. See for example, Yale H. Ferguson, "Moscow and Peking in Latin America," PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (USIA), (Washington, D. C), May-June 1971. 328. Kwamina Essilfie, editor, THE SUNDAY PUNCH (Accra, Ghana). In private conversations after the February 1966 coup in Ghana. 329. Dr Joseph Klansky, then-newly-appointed editor, SOLIDARITY (Prague), and the writer at Kumasi, January 13, 1965. 330. BIR Research Study, p. 10. 331. George T. Yu, "Peking's African Diplomacy," PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (USIA), (Washington, D. C.), March-April 1972, pp. 19-20. 332. PLAIN TRUTH, op. cit. 333. George T. Yu, op. cit. 334. BIR Research Study, p. ii. 335. PLAIN TRUTH, op. cit. 336. Gure and Weinkle, op. cit., p. 69. 337. PLAIN TRUTH, op. cit. [ 462 ] 338. See for example Michael Gamarnikov, "Industrial Cooperation: East Europe Looks West," PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (USIA), (Washington, DC), May-June 1971. 339. Jal�, The Third World in the World Economy (Maspero, Paris. 1968; English translation, MONTHLY REVIEW Press, New York, 1969), pp. 75-6; 117. 340. Guevara, op. cit., p. 85. 341. ibid., p. 86. 342. ibid., p. 82. 343. ibid., p. 85. Chapter X 1. See Labor Aristocracy, Chapter XXV, "Relationship between Western and Colonial Workers." Section A 2. V. Vladimirsky, "African Problems: Ethnic Prejudices & Racialism," NEWS FROM THE SOVIET UNION (Accra, Ghana), Embassy Bulletin, May 7, 1967. 3. "All China Denounces New Atrocities by Soviet Revisionist Ruling Clique," PEKING REVIEW, February 10, 1967. 4. ibid. 5. Chapter IV, "Revisionism & the Attitude to Class Struggle," Section C, pp. 67 ff, above. 8. Betty Pilkington, story on "6-day war" in Middle East, NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), June 17, 1967. For later news, London TIMES account of July 1972 expulsion of 20,000 Soviet military advisers, technicians, etc. (July 19, 1972); also, report in Keesing's "Contemporary Archives," August 5-12, 1972, P 25397. 9. "Russia and the Mid-East," GHANAIAN TIMES (Accra, Ghana), July 21, 1967. Reprinted from Federated World Features (FWF). 10. through 13[
11
12
13
]. ibid. 14. London TIMES: February 9, pp. 3, 7; February 11, p. 10; February 12, p. 10; and February 18, p. 8. 1963. 15. See Note 9, above. 16. Unpublished letter to B Averianov, Head, International Department, Central Council, Soviet Trade Unions, from the National Council of Angolan Workers (UNTA), April 26, 1965. This letter was given to the writer in the summer of 1965 by¬ [ 463 ] John Tettegah, then Secretary General of the All-African Trade Union Federation, where she was then employed. Full text, Appendix IV. 17. Statement issued November 10, 1966, by representatives of eight nationalist organizations expelled from Cairo Seminar. Cited in Kurt Mueller, op. cit. 18. ibid. 19. through 22[
20
21
22
]. Russel Warren Howe, African Affairs Correspondent, "Change in Russian Policy toward Africa," BALTIMORE SUN (Maryland). Reprinted, GHANAIAN TIMES (Accra, Ghana), August 25, 1967. 23. "Soviet, Czech Arms for Nigeria," GHANAIAN TIMES, August 21, 1967. Section B 24. Lenin, "A Caricature of Marxism," loc. cit., p. 320. 25. "Trade Partners: 100 Countries," interview with Patolichev in SPUTNIK (Moscow), February 1967. "Soviet Magazine especially for West Africa." 26. "The Economic Advance of the Socialist Countries, an Economic & Statistical Survey." 19-page supplement to WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (Prague), p. 48. 27. "The Third Communism," TIME Magazine, March 18, 1966, p. 48. 28. "EASTERN EUROPE: Pattern of Disintegration," TIME Magazine, February 17, 1967. 29. ibid., March 18, 1966. 30. ibid., February 17, 1967. 31. ibid. 32. ibid., March 18, 1966, pp. 47B, 48. 33. through 38[
34
35
36
37
38
]. ibid., February 17, 1967. 39. "Brezhnev's Proposed Meeting of 'Communist Parties' Is Kruschov Revisionists' New Anti- Marxist-Leninist Counter-Revolutionary Plot," editorial in ZERI I POPULLIT (Tirana, Albania), December 13, 1966. Reprinted PEKING REVIEW, January 6, 1967. 40. ibid. 41. Lenin, "Concluding Remarks to the Collection Marxism and Liquidation," April 1914, loc. cit., p. 183. 42. Lenin, "Disruption of Unity under Cover of Outcries for Unity," May 1914, loc. cit, p. 198. 43. ZERI I POPULLIT, op. cit. [ 464 ] 44. Ian Tickle, op. cit. 45. "Is Yugoslavia a Socialist Country?" loc. cit., p. 29. 46. Booklet, "Shameful Failure of the Political and Economic System of Titoite Yugoslavia," (Tirana, Albania, 1966), p. 5. 47. Togliatti, "Social Democracy and the Colonial Question," 1928, loc. cit. 48. Labor Aristocracy, Chapter XXVIII, "'Reformism' and Racism in the United States." 49. Jacques Grippa (then-Secretary, Communist Party of Belgium). Lecture at Brussels Free University, December 13, 1965. Reprinted as pamphlet, "American Imperialism Has Taken over from Hitler" (Brussels. Belgium. 1965), p. 13. 50. "East Europe: Traders in Wonderland," NEWSWEEK, June 26, 1972, p. 52. 51. Grippa, op. cit., p. 19. Chapter XI 1. Editorial, ZERI I POPULLIT (Tirana. Albania), December 29, 1966. Reprinted PEKING REVIEW, January 20, 27; February 3, 1967. 2. Hysni Kapo, op. cit. 3. Lenin, "Marxism and Reformism," September 1913, loc. cit., p. 167. 4. See above, Chapter IX, Section E, "Revisionism Muffs the Role of the Colonial Proletariat." Chapter XII 1. Lenin, "Opportunism and the Collapse of the Second International, loc. cit., p. 287. 2. Lenin, "The Collapse of the Second International," loc. cit., p. 257. 3. ibid., p. 263. 4. ibid., p. 257. 5. Hysni Kapo, op. cit. 6. Editorial Note introduction by INDONESIAN TRIBUNE (Tirana, Albania) editors, January 1967, to PKI Self-Criticism. 7. See Note 2, above, p. 273. 8. ibid., p. 260. 9. ibid., p. 273. [ 465 ] Section A 10. Lenin, "Marxism and Revisionism," loc. cit, p. 120. 11. See Note 2, above. 12. Lenin, "How the Bourgeoisie Utilizes Renegades," September 1919, loc. cit., p. 549. 13. Lenin, "Left-Wing Communism: an Infantile Disorder," excerpts in loc. cit., p. 549. 14. Chapter IV, Section A, "The New Elite in Eastern Europe; Elitism in the Western Left; and Section C, Part 2, "Abandonment of Proletarian Internationalism," above. 15. Hysni Kapo, op. cit., p. 8. 16. ibid., pp. 10-11. 17. "Is Yugoslavia a Socialist Country?" op. cit., p. 47. 18. Kapo, op. cit., p. 20. 19. Lenin, "Opportunism and the Collapse of the Second International," loc. cit., p. 284. 20. Le in, "Renegade Kautsky," loc. cit., p. 247. 21. Friedrich Engels, letter to Sorge, January 18, 1893. Cited by Lenin, "Opportunism and the Collapse of the Second International," loc cit, p. 288. 22. Engels, letter of November 11, 1893, cited in ibid. Section B 23. Kapo, op. cit. 24. Lenin, See Note 2, p. 262. 25. Kapo, op. cit. 26. Tirana pamphlet, "A New Plot of the Kruschovite Revisionists against the Interests of the Socialist Countries." Reprint of ZERI I POPULLIT editorial of July 21, 1966 (Tirana), p. 21. 27. ibid., p. 29. 28. Grippa, op. cit., p. 20. 29. through 32[
30
31
32
]. See Note 28, above. But see also Kiichi Saeki, "Toward Japanese Cooperation in Siberian Development," PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (Washington, D. C), May-June 1972, pp. 1 ff. for a description of the protracted nature of these negotiations and the Japanese reluctance to accept hard Soviet terms. Section C 33. Chapter IV, Section A, Part 2, "The New Elite in the Soviet Union," above. [ 466 ] 34. William Pomeroy, op. cit. 35. ibid. 36. As of May, 1967. See PEKING REVIEW, May 12, 1967, p. 28. 37. Kapo, op. cit. 38. Lenin, "Greetings to Italian, French and German Communists," October 1919, loc. cit., p. 518. 39. Lenin, "Letters to the Workers of Europe and America," January 1919, loc. cit., p. 483. 40. Lenin, See Note 2, above, p. 265. And see also, Lenin, "Letter to the German and French Workers," September 1920, loc. cit., p. 560. Also, Note 38, above, p. 519. 41. See Note 38, above, p. 519. 42. Statement of eight nationalists expelled from the October 1966 Cairo Seminar on Colonialism, November 10, 1966. Quoted in PEKING REVIEW, November 25, 1966. See also, PKI Self-Criticism, loc. ci .: "A firm stand against modern revisionism in all fields can be effectively maintained only when our Party abandons the line of 'preserving friendship with the modern revisionists'." 43. Wilfred Pomeroy, (Asian Analyst), interview with Marshall Kim Il Sung, THE NATIONAL GUARDIAN (New York), July 29, 1967. 44. ibid., previous installment, July 22, 1967. 45. Lenin, See Note 2, above, p. 266. 46. See Note 2, above, p. 269. 47. ibid. 48. See Note 13, above, p. 548. [ 467 ] By the same author: LABOR ARISTOCRACY, Order from AURORA, P.O. Box 22049, or give the address to your bookseller. [ 468 ] [ 469 ] Next chapter | Previous chapter | Top
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